Why lottery winners cry, teenage girls scream at pop concerts and people pinch the cheeks of cute babies.
Summer, spring, autumn and winter babies have different personalities when they grow up.
Summer, spring, autumn and winter babies have different personalities when they grow up.
There is a link between a person’s birth season and their emotional life in adulthood, research finds.
Being born in a certain season may also be linked with developing a mood disorder later in life.
The Hungarian researchers examined the personalities of 400 people and matched this up with the time of year they were born.
They found that people born in summer are more likely than those born in winter to have a cyclothymic personality, characterised by frequent mood swings, between happy and sad.
The results also revealed a link between being born in either spring or summer and being excessively positive.
Those born in the winter had a higher chance of being less irritable.
Autumn babies were less likely to be depressives than winter babies.
D Xenia Gonda, who led the research, said:
“Biochemical studies have shown that the season in which you are born has an influence on certain monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, which is detectable even in adult life.
This led us to believe that birth season may have a longer-lasting effect.
Our work looked at over 400 subjects and matched their birth season to personality types in later life.
Basically, it seems that when you are born may increase or decrease your chance of developing certain mood disorders.
We can’t yet say anything about the mechanisms involved.
What we are now looking at is to see if there are genetic markers which are related to season of birth and mood disorder.”
Professor Eduard Vieta, Director of the Bipolar Disorders Program at the University of Barcelona, commented on the study:
“Seasons affect our mood and behavior.
Even the season at our birth may influence our subsequent risk for developing certain medical conditions, including some mental disorders.
What’s new from this group of researchers is the influence of season at birth and temperament.
Temperaments are not disorders but biologically-driven behavioral and emotional trends.
Although both genetic and environmental factors are involved in one’s temperament, now we know that the season at birth plays a role too.
And the finding of “high mood” tendency (hyperthymic temperament) for those born in summer is quite intriguing.”
The research was presented at a neuropsychopharmacology conference in Berlin.
The simple pleasures like a delicious meal or enjoying nature make most people happy, but the psychological mature often need more.
The simple pleasures like a delicious meal or enjoying nature make most people happy, but the psychological mature often need more.
The search for meaning in life promotes greater happiness in those with high levels of psychological maturity, a study suggests.
People with advanced ego development tend to seek out more opportunities for personal growth, the nurturing of others and overcoming challenges.
However, the simple pleasures in life also play an important role in happiness for people at all levels of psychological maturity.
It is the psychologically mature, though, that benefit most from the search for meaning in life.
These conclusions come from a study that looked at how people’s paths to happiness change along with their psychological maturity.
The researchers used a theory of ego development introduced by the American psychologist Jane Loevinger.
As people mature psychologically, Loevinger proposed, they attain new strategies for establishing relationships, making sense of life experiences and regulating the self.
Essentially, people move from a preoccupation with their own desires and emotions to understanding how they differ to others, cope with their feelings and make difficult decisions.
In other words, people slowly learn that they are not the only person in the world and everything does not revolve around what they want, feel or think.
The researchers tested the ego development, or psychological maturity, of 360 people by using a projective sentence completion task.
These were then assessed by experts.
Dr Evgeny Osin, the study’s first author, explained the test:
“For example, completed sentences such as ‘Being with other people is cool’, ‘… is something I enjoy’ or ‘… is awful’ indicate an early stage of ego development.
In contrast, sentences like ‘Being with other people can be tiresome but often useful’ or ‘…means observing their personality and learning from them’ suggest a more advanced stage of ego development and higher complexity of self-perception.”
Participants were also asked about their levels of happiness and life satisfaction.
This provides an insight into people’s happiness, but only a limited one, explained Dr Osin:
“Emotional well-being functions like a thermometer: we can measure a person’s temperature to assess their overall state—does their life go well? —but the temperature alone is insufficient to make a diagnosis—what kind of life is it?”
The results revealed that people at higher levels of ego development continue to seek out hedonic pleasures, such as pleasure (say, from eating, travelling, entertainment etc.) and comfort.
However, unlike those with lower levels of ego development, they also sought out more meaning in life.
They had a greater desire for personal development; to reach out and accept new challenges for themselves and explore.
Age, though, was no barrier to psychological immaturity, Dr Osin said:
“Interestingly, in adults, the level of ego development is no longer contingent upon age.
While some individuals progress to higher levels of psychological maturity as they age, others remain at the impulsive or self-protective stages without further advancement.
The study demonstrates that the meaning of life is not an abstract notion, but a real-life challenge that individuals encounter as they attain a higher level of personal maturity.
It is highly likely that everyone, at some point in their life, will confront this challenge.”
Here are some quick tips from psychological research for how to inject more meaning into life:
The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology (Osin et al., 2023).
Three simple happiness exercises that take just four minutes.
Three simple happiness exercises that take just four minutes.
Simple exercises, including reliving happy moments, can make you happier in just four minutes, research finds.
‘Reliving Happy Moments’ involves choosing a personal photo that captures a happy moment and adding a few words of description to it.
This exercise gave people in the study the greatest boost in happiness.
The results come from research including over 500 people who were (or had) experienced substance abuse.
Another exercise they were given is called ‘Savouring’ and involves noting and appreciating two positive experiences from yesterday.
This was almost as powerful as reliving happy moments.
Next most useful was “Rose, Bud, Thorns” which involves listing a highlight and a challenge from yesterday and a pleasure to be appreciated tomorrow.
Dr Bettina B. Hoeppner, the study’s first author, said:
“Addiction scientists are increasingly moving beyond the traditional focus on reducing or eliminating substance use by advocating treatment protocols that encompass quality of life.
Yet orchestrated positive experiences are rarely incorporated into treatment for those with substance use disorders.”
Dr Hoeppner continued:
“These findings underscore the importance of offsetting the challenges of recovery with positive experiences.
Recovery is hard, and for the effort to be sustainable, positive experiences need to be attainable along the way.”
The study was published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (Hoeppner et al., 2019).
People with this personality trait are more hopeful and assess their lives more positively.
People with this personality trait are more hopeful and assess their lives more positively.
People who believe in the oneness of everything are happier, research finds.
‘Oneness’ is the idea that everything in the world is interdependent and interconnected.
This includes a sense of connectedness to other people, nature and life in general.
Beliefs like these are incorporated in many religions.
However, whether or not people have a specific faith, they are more satisfied with life when they have a sense of ‘oneness’.
Activities such as yoga, meditation and action sports may help to increase the feeling of oneness or flow.
Dr Laura Marie Edinger-Schon, the study’s author, said:
“The feeling of being at one with a divine principle, life, the world, other people or even activities has been discussed in various religious traditions but also in a wide variety of scientific research from different disciplines.
The results of this study reveal a significant positive effect of oneness beliefs on life satisfaction, even controlling for religious beliefs.”
The conclusions come from two surveys that included almost 75,000 people.
People were asked whether they agreed with statements like:
They were also asked how much they felt connected to nature and other people and how happy they were.
The results showed that people who felt a sense of ‘oneness’ were more satisfied with their lives.
Dr Edinger-Schon explained her motivation for the study:
“I recognized that in various philosophical and religious texts, a central idea is the idea of oneness.
In my free time, I enjoy surfing, Capoeira, meditation and yoga, and all of these have been said to lead to experiences that can be described as being at one with life or nature or just experiencing a state of flow through being immersed in the activity.
I was wondering whether the larger belief in oneness is something that is independent of religious beliefs and how it affects satisfaction with life.”
The study was published in the journal Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (Edinger-Schons, 2019).
From the mental health benefits of gardening to the healing power of birdsong — explore the psychology of nature.
From the mental health benefits of gardening to the healing power of birdsong — explore the psychology of nature.
People are spending less and less time enjoying the outdoors and nature with every passing year.
The recent shift away from nature has been incredible: some studies estimate people now spend 25 percent less time in nature than they did 20 years ago (Pergams & Zaradic, 2007).
Instead, recreational time is often spent online, playing video games and watching movies.
The psychological literature clearly reveals how beneficial the experience of nature is to our minds.
In nature people feel more alive, creative, in sync and less stressed.
Here are 7 psychology studies from the members-only section of PsyBlog exploring the psychology of nature.
(If you are not already, find out how to become a PsyBlog member here.)
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For the study, 582 people described strategies for improving their well-being.
For the study, 582 people described strategies for improving their well-being.
People who take up hobbies or interests that involve other people are happier one year later, research finds.
In comparison to those using non-social strategies, the socially focused were more satisfied with life.
Ms Julia Rohrer, the study’s first author, said:
“Our research showed that people who came up with ‘well-being’ strategies that involved other people were more satisfied with their lives one year later — even after taking into account that they were marginally happier to begin with.
In contrast, people who came up with strategies that did not explicitly involve others remained, on average, as satisfied as they were.”
For the study, 582 people described strategies for improving their well-being.
Some suggested non-social things like giving up smoking.
Others chose social things like spending more time with their family and friends or helping others.
The life satisfaction of those choosing nonsocial things remained the same one year later, while those who chose social things saw improvements in life satisfaction.
Ms Rohrer said:
“Many people are interested in becoming happier, but there is a lack of evidence regarding the long term effects of pursuing happiness through various types of activities.
After all, there’s no guarantee that trying to become happier doesn’t make you more miserable in the end.
I think our study partly fills that gap in the literature, although more research with a longitudinal perspective is certainly needed.”
The study was published in the journal Psychological Science (Rohrer et al., 2018).
Unlike personality, circumstances are more amenable to change because they include the things that one does each day.
Billions of words analysed in 10 world languages and this mood keeps shining through.
The best personality traits for happiness differ for work and play.
The best personality traits for happiness differ for work and play.
The personality trait most strongly linked to happiness right across the lifespan is emotional stability, research finds.
People who are high in emotional stability, which is the opposite of being neurotic, tend to be positive, have high self-control along with the ability to manage psychological stress effectively.
Looking specifically at work and social satisfaction, though, other personality traits were also important along with emotional stability.
For work satisfaction, the best personality trait was conscientiousness, a trait linked to being self-disciplined and aiming for achievement.
For social satisfaction, though, extraversion and agreeableness were most strongly linked to happiness.
The conclusions come from a study exploring how the link between personality and happiness might change with age.
Dr Gabriel Olaru, the study’s first author, said:
“Many studies have shown that people with certain personality profiles are more satisfied with their life than others.
Yet, it had not been extensively studied whether this holds true across the lifespan.
For example, extraverted—that is sociable, talkative—people might be particularly happy in young adulthood, when they typically are forming new social relationships.
We thus wanted to examine if some personality traits are more or less relevant to life, social and work satisfaction in specific life phases.”
The study included over 9,000 Dutch adults of all ages who were tracked over more than a decade.
The results showed that the connections between life satisfaction and personality remained much the same over the lifespan.
Dr Manon van Scheppingen, study co-author, said:
“Our findings show that—despite differences in life challenges and social roles—personality traits are relevant for our satisfaction with life, work and social contacts across young, middle and older adulthood.
The personality traits remained equally relevant across the adult lifespan, or became even more interconnected in some cases for work satisfaction.”
People’s personality also interacts with the environment, explained Dr van Scheppingen:
“A good example of how personality interacts with the environment can be found in the work context.
One of our findings was that the link between emotional stability and work satisfaction increases across age.
This might be explained by the fact that emotionally stable people are less scared to quit unsatisfactory jobs and more likely to apply for jobs that are more challenging and perhaps more fulfilling and enjoyable in the long run.”
Despite what many believe, personality is capable of change, said Dr van Scheppingen:
“While we did not examine what caused these changes, [the research] shows that our personalities and our happiness are not set in stone.
Perhaps we may even be able to influence how we change: If we try to become more organized, outgoing, friendly, this might increase life, social or work satisfaction as well.”
→ Related: How To Change Your Personality
The study was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Olaru et al., 2023).
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