Category: Empathy

How clothing affects the empathy that other people feel towards us.

Wearing less revealing and more comfortable clothing makes other people feel more empathy towards you.

However, when women in the study wore a short dress, heels and heavy make-up, it reduced how much empathy others felt towards them.

The same was true whether it was a man or woman observing the other woman.

When wearing comfortable trousers, a jersey, ballet flats and light make-up, others felt more empathy towards them.

The results are likely because revealing more skin tends to make people see us more as a sexual object, rather than a person.

Dr Giorgia Silani, who led the study, said:

“The results suggests that the underlying mechanism may be a reduced activation of the brain’s empathy network.”

Sexual objectification also robs a person of their apparent ability to plan their actions and have a moral sense in the eye of the beholder.

The results come from a study in which 41 people (half women) watched a video designed to test empathic reactions.

Brain scans measured how they reacted to the sexualised and non-sexualised target.

Dr Silani concluded:

 “This reduction in empathic feelings towards sexually objectified women was accompanied by reduced activity in empathy related brain areas.

This suggests that observers experienced a reduced capacity to share the sexualized women’s emotions”

The study was published in the journal Cortex (Cogoni et al., 2018).

Whether people widen or narrow their eyes gives you a huge amount of information about their emotions.

When the eyes narrow it signals that someone is discriminating, research finds.

This could mean they are angry, suspicious, aggressive or contemptuous.

When the eyes widen, though, it means they are highly sensitive to the information they are receiving.

This could mean their are interested, awe-struck or even feeling cowardly.

The way the eyes move to communicate emotions is linked to how we actually use our eyes for vision.

For example, narrowing our eyes allows us to see farther, while opening them wider lets in more light.

Dr Daniel H. Lee, the study’s first author, explained:

“For example, if you’re watching ‘Curb Your Enthusiasm’ and wonder why when Larry David squints his eyes that conveys scrutiny, our work offers a theory that explains it.

Narrowing the eyes for visual scrutiny also communicates scrutiny.”

The conclusions come from a study in which people looked at pairs of eyes showing different emotions and shapes.

Despite the tremendous complexity of facial expressions, the widening and narrowing of the eyes is surprisingly informative.

Dr Lee said:

“Human expressions are highly complex — when enumerating our facial muscles, we computed that there are at least 3.7 x 10¹⁶ different expression combinations, which is about the same probabilistic space as two Powerball jackpots.

We looked at a subset of this space — just the eye region — and found that one simple physical dimension (widening vs. narrowing) explained a majority of this complex space in social communication.”

The eyes remain vital to understanding other people’s emotions, even when we can see the rest of the face, the researchers found.

The study was published in the journal Psychological Science (Lee & Anderson, 2017).

People pay too much attention to the face when trying to read other people’s emotions.

People read the emotions of others more accurately without looking at their faces, a study finds.

Empathising is stronger when people concentrate on listening rather than looking, the series of experiments involving over 1,800 people has found.

The result could be because people are better at hiding emotions from their faces than their voices.

Dr Michael Kraus, the study’s author, said:

“Social and biological sciences over the years have demonstrated the profound desire of individuals to connect with others and the array of skills people possess to discern emotions or intentions.

But, in the presence of both will and skill, people often inaccurately perceive others’ emotions.

Our research suggests that relying on a combination of vocal and facial cues, or solely facial cues, may not be the best strategy for accurately recognizing the emotions or intentions of others.”

In the experiments, people were trying to empathise with others.

However, sometimes people looked and listened, while sometimes they were just looking or just listening.

Time and time again, it was just listening that proved the most accurate way of telling what someone else was feeling.

Dr Kraus said:

“I think when examining these findings relative to how psychologists have studied emotion, these results might be surprising.

Many tests of emotional intelligence rely on accurate perceptions of faces.

What we find here is that perhaps people are paying too much attention to the face — the voice might have much of the content necessary to perceive others’ internal states accurately.

The findings suggest that we should be focusing more on studying vocalizations of emotion.”

Dr Kraus thinks another factor in why emotions are easier to read in the voice is that listening and watching together are complex tasks.

Sometimes it is easier — and more effective — to focus all your attention on one channel.

Whatever the reason, Dr Kraus said, listening is more important than we often realise:

“Listening matters.

Actually considering what people are saying and the ways in which they say it can, I believe, lead to improved understanding of others at work or in your personal relationships.”

The study was published in the journal American Psychologist (Kraus, 2017).