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Imagining the future might hold the secret to overcoming addiction and controlling cravings in the moment.
Category: Addiction
Substance Abuse Disorders: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Explore the signs, risk factors, and treatment options for substance abuse disorders. Find help and start the journey towards recovery now.
Substance abuse disorders are complex conditions that affect individuals from all walks of life.
What is a substance abuse disorder?
A substance abuse disorder refers to the harmful use of substances such as drugs or alcohol, leading to significant impairment or distress.
This condition can affect various aspects of life, including physical health, mental well-being, relationships, and daily functioning.
Substance abuse disorders range from mild to severe and often require professional intervention for effective management.
Common types of substances involved
Substance abuse disorders can involve a variety of substances, each with its unique effects and risks.
Some commonly abused substances include:
- Alcohol: A widely available substance that can lead to dependence and health complications when consumed excessively.
- Opioids: Prescription painkillers like oxycodone, as well as illegal drugs like heroin.
- Stimulants: Substances such as cocaine, amphetamines, and methamphetamine.
- Cannabis: While legal in some areas, excessive or prolonged use can lead to dependence.
- Hallucinogens: Drugs like LSD and psilocybin that alter perception and mood.
- Inhalants: Substances like glue or aerosols, often abused by inhaling their vapours.
Causes and risk factors
Several factors can contribute to the development of substance abuse disorders, often in combination.
Genetic and biological influences
Research indicates that genetics can play a significant role in determining susceptibility to substance abuse.
Individuals with a family history of addiction may have a higher risk of developing similar issues.
Biological factors, such as changes in brain chemistry, can also increase the likelihood of dependence.
Environmental factors
Environmental influences, such as peer pressure, stress, and exposure to substance use at an early age, are major contributors.
Growing up in an unstable or abusive household can also elevate the risk of substance abuse.
Co-occurring mental health disorders
Mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often linked with substance abuse disorders.
These conditions can exacerbate one another, creating a cycle that is challenging to break.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Recognising the symptoms of a substance abuse disorder is essential for early intervention.
Behavioural signs
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home.
- Engaging in risky behaviours, such as driving under the influence.
- Experiencing strained relationships due to substance use.
- Prioritising substance use over other activities or interests.
Physical symptoms
- Sudden weight changes, either gain or loss.
- Bloodshot eyes or dilated pupils.
- Frequent health issues, such as headaches or nausea.
- Changes in sleeping patterns, such as insomnia or excessive sleep.
Diagnostic criteria
Healthcare professionals use diagnostic tools like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to identify substance abuse disorders.
Diagnosis often involves assessing the frequency, duration, and impact of substance use on an individual’s life.
Treatment options
Substance abuse disorders are treatable conditions, and a variety of methods can support recovery.
Detoxification and withdrawal management
The first step in many treatment plans is detoxification, where the body eliminates harmful substances.
This process is often accompanied by withdrawal symptoms, which can be managed with medical supervision and medication.
Behavioural therapies
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing are common approaches used to help individuals change harmful patterns of thought and behaviour.
These therapies focus on identifying triggers and developing healthier coping mechanisms.
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT)
Medications like methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can support recovery by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
MAT is often used in combination with behavioural therapies for a more comprehensive approach.
Support groups and rehabilitation
Programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) offer peer support and a sense of community.
Residential rehabilitation centres provide structured environments for intensive treatment and recovery.
Prevention and coping strategies
Preventing substance abuse disorders involves addressing risk factors and promoting protective measures.
Preventive measures
- Educating individuals, particularly young people, about the risks of substance use.
- Encouraging open communication within families to discuss substance-related issues.
- Building strong support networks to reduce feelings of isolation.
Coping mechanisms
For those in recovery, effective coping strategies can make a significant difference.
- Practising mindfulness and stress management techniques, such as yoga or meditation.
- Maintaining a balanced lifestyle with regular exercise, healthy eating, and adequate sleep.
- Setting realistic goals and celebrating small milestones in recovery.
Innovative therapies and emerging treatments
Advancements in treatment methods are providing new hope for individuals with substance abuse disorders.
Technology and telemedicine
Telemedicine platforms are making therapy more accessible, particularly for those in remote areas.
Apps and online resources can offer 24/7 support and tracking tools for recovery progress.
Novel treatment approaches
Emerging therapies, such as psychedelic-assisted therapy, are being studied for their potential to treat substance abuse disorders.
Virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy is another innovative approach, helping individuals confront triggers in a controlled environment.
The role of nutrition and exercise in recovery
A holistic approach to recovery includes attention to physical health.
How diet influences healing
Proper nutrition can help repair the damage caused by substance abuse and support overall well-being.
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains is recommended.
Benefits of physical activity
Exercise releases endorphins, which can improve mood and reduce cravings.
Activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can also provide a sense of routine and purpose.
Personal stories: journeys to recovery
Hearing from individuals who have overcome substance abuse disorders can inspire and motivate others.
First-hand accounts
Many individuals share their experiences of hitting rock bottom and finding the strength to seek help.
These stories highlight the importance of resilience and support systems.
Lessons learned
Common themes from recovery journeys include the value of self-awareness, perseverance, and seeking professional assistance.
Sharing these lessons can help reduce the stigma surrounding substance abuse disorders and encourage others to take the first step towards recovery.
Understanding the stigma surrounding substance use disorders
Stigma can be a significant barrier to recovery, preventing individuals from seeking help.
Impact of stigma
Negative stereotypes can lead to shame and isolation, making it harder for individuals to open up about their struggles.
This can delay or prevent access to treatment.
Combating misconceptions
Educating the public about the realities of substance abuse disorders can help reduce stigma.
Promoting compassionate and non-judgemental attitudes is essential in supporting recovery efforts.
Legal rights and resources
Understanding legal protections and available resources is crucial for individuals navigating recovery.
Employment rights
In many regions, laws protect individuals in recovery from discrimination in the workplace.
These protections may include reasonable accommodations for treatment schedules.
Accessing community resources
Local organisations and government programs often provide financial assistance, housing support, and counselling services.
Knowing where to find these resources can make a significant difference in the recovery journey.
When to seek professional help
Recognising the need for professional intervention is a critical step in addressing substance abuse disorders.
Warning signs
If substance use is causing significant harm to health, relationships, or daily functioning, it is time to seek help.
Emergency situations, such as overdoses, require immediate medical attention.
Taking the first step
Reaching out to a healthcare professional or trusted organisation can provide a clear path to recovery.
It is never too late to seek help and start the journey towards a healthier, substance-free life.
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The Personality Trait That Fuels Shopping Addiction
The personality trait is linked to alcoholism and other types of substance misuse, problem gambling and even shopping addiction.
The personality trait is linked to alcoholism and other types of substance misuse, problem gambling and even shopping addiction.
Neuroticism is the personality trait often linked to addiction — including shopping addiction, research finds.
Shopping can provide a way of escaping the unpleasant thoughts that neurotic people are more likely to experience.
Neuroticism is characterised by negative thinking in a range of areas.
Neuroticism — one of the five major aspects of personality — is a trait that is strongly linked to anxiety, sadness, irritability and self-consciousness.
Many types of addiction have been linked to neuroticism, including alcoholism and other types of substance misuse and problem gambling.
The study on shopping addiction included 23,537 people who were given tests of personality, self-esteem and shopping behaviours.
Dr Cecilie Schou Andreassen, the study’s first author, explained the results:
“Our research indicates that people who score high on extroversion and neuroticism are more at risk of developing shopping addiction.
Extroverts, typically being social and sensation seeking, may be using shopping to express their individuality or enhance their social status and personal attractiveness.
Neurotic people, who typically are anxious, depressive, and self-conscious, may use shopping as a means of reducing their negative feelings.”
Personality is not the only factor linked to shopping addiction though, said Dr Andreassen:
“Addictive shopping clearly occurs more regularly amongst certain demographic groups.
It is more predominant in women, and is typically initiated in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, and it appears to decrease with age.”
In contrast, people at low risk of shopping addiction tend to be more agreeable, conscientious and open to new experiences with higher levels of self-control.
Dr Andreassen said:
“We have also found that shopping addiction is related to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, and shopping may function as an escape mechanism for, or coping with, unpleasant feelings – although shopping addiction may also lead to such symptoms.”
Seven signs of shopping addiction
The symptoms of shopping addiction are closely related to other addictions like alcoholism and substance addictions.
Here are the seven signs of shopping addiction:
- You think about shopping/buying things all the time.
- You shop/buy things in order to change your mood.
- You shop/buy so much that it negatively affects your daily obligations (e.g., school and work).
- You feel you have to shop/buy more and more to obtain the same satisfaction as before.
- You have decided to shop/buy less, but have not been able to do so.
- You feel bad if you for some reason are prevented from shopping/buying things.
- You shop/buy so much that it has impaired your well-being.
‘Agreeing’ or ‘completely agreeing’ with at least four of these seven statements indicates a possible shopping addiction.
The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Psychlogy (Andreassen et al., 2015).
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Addiction Insights: 8 Key Psychology Studies
Discover the powerful role played by cognitions, motivation, the emotions, and biology in trying to beat addiction.
Discover the powerful role played by cognitions, motivation, the emotions, and biology in trying to beat addiction.
There is little doubt that addiction is very difficult to treat in the long-term.
While people sometimes make progress initially, they frequently relapse.
The reason seems to be a complex interaction between biology, upbringing and genetics: in other words, the same as many other mental health issues.
However, treatments can be moderately successful and some of the key insights are contained in the latest studies on addiction below.
These 8 studies are from the members-only section of PsyBlog: if you are not already, find out how to become a PsyBlog member here.
1.
These Are The Best Psychological Treatments For Addiction
Motivation is key to even a moderate short-term change — but this can still be beneficial to some people.
2.
Why Addicts Find It So Hard To Quit
The addict’s failure to form an accurate mental model of their behaviour is partly why they find it so hard to quit.
3.
This Emotion Fights Addictive Behaviours
The emotion protected people from problem gambling.
4.
The 5 Stages Of Internet Addiction: How To Spot The Signs
Around 40 percent of people in the study were either self-confessed addicts or addicts-in-denial.
5.
The Best Mindset To Beat Addiction
Understanding the reasons for addiction can help empower people.
6.
The Biological Cause Of Addiction
More Americans now die of opioid overdoses than in car accidents.
7.
How To Reduce Binge Drinking Desire
People sensitive to the temptations of alcohol could focus on their mission, purpose and values in life.
8.
The Best Way To Treat Alcohol And Drug Addiction
Deaths from overdoses of opioids, methadone, cocaine and heroine are at all-time highs in the US.
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Contrary to popular belief, workaholics aren’t really happier at work.
These Are The Best Psychological Treatments For Addiction (M)
Motivation is key to even a moderate short-term change — but this can still be beneficial to some people.
The 5 Stages Of Internet Addiction: How To Spot The Signs (M)
Around 40 percent of people in the study were either self-confessed addicts or addicts-in-denial.
Why Addicts Find It So Hard To Quit (M)
The addict’s failure to form an accurate mental model of their behaviour is partly why they find it so hard to quit.
