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Is it just shyness or social anxiety disorder?
Is it just shyness or social anxiety disorder?
The classic sign of social anxiety disorder is a strong fear of embarrassment or humiliation in social situations.Bear in mind that many people are apprehensive in unfamiliar social situations or with those they do not know.Social anxiety disorder is more than being shy: the fear should be so great that the social situation can only be borne with considerable distress.Either that or social situations are often avoided — sometimes causing serious personal disadvantage.Many people with the disorder are reluctant to seek help, precisely because of the embarrassment they feel and/or the potential for humiliation they sense.Around 13 percent of the general population are thought to have social anxiety disorder.Dr Kristy L. Dalrymple, the author of the study, said:“Despite its prevalence, social anxiety disorder has not received the same attention from the public or mainstream media as other disorders, such as obsessive compulsive disorder.Due to its social and economic impact, it merits further study in order to help researchers and clinicians determine possible causes, and the best treatment.This isn’t about overcoming shyness.This is about helping our patients who suffer from a disorder that prevents them from living a happy and healthy life.”Unfortunately, social anxiety disorder can significantly affect people’s lives.It is linked to fewer romantic relationships, greater unemployment and fewer days worked, as well as lower productivity.Dr Dalrymple said:
“There are many differing opinions about social anxiety disorder and the best treatment.Should it be treated with medication, behavioral therapy, or both?The significant increase in the prescription of antidepressant medications (which often are used to treat SAD) over the past several years — an increase of 400 percent — should be considered when determining the best approach.Are we simply medicating, or are we helping patients to truly improve their quality of life?”The study was published in the journal Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (Dalrymple, 2012).
An ingredient fundamental to many foods and drinks is linked to anxiety in teenagers.
The two personality traits can interact with each other to produce chronic anxiety problems.
The two personality traits can interact with each other to produce chronic anxiety problems.
People who are both neurotic and introverted are more likely to experience anxiety problems, research finds.
Signs of introversion include preferring to be in a quiet, relaxing environment and having a rich mental life.
Neurotic people have a tendency towards sadness, irritability and self-consciousness.
The two personality traits can interact with each other to produce chronic anxiety problems.
It may be because people who are both introverted and neurotic tend to pay more attention to things going wrong, rather than to potential rewards.
Over the years, focusing on problems rather than rewards may condition people with these personality traits to experience more anxiety.
This is hardly surprising if all a person sees is problems everywhere.
Another contributing problem could be that introverted and neurotic people are less likely to get help from others, the study’s authors write:
“…perhaps an introverted neurotic person is prone to experiencing greater anxiety because of a lack of social support to aid in the amelioration of such anxiety (an introverted person may not seek much interaction with others).
Thus, an introverted person may not have the coping strategy of seeking social support as an option, which then maintains and potentially exacerbates anxiety…”
The conclusions come from a study of 466 young adults who were assessed twice over three years.
The results showed that those who were both neurotic and introverted were more likely to be experiencing high levels of anxiety issues three years later.
The study’s authors write:
“Low extraversion and high neuroticism relate to greater susceptibility to negative affect, less susceptibility to signals of reward, greater susceptibility to signals of punishment, and higher vulnerability to arousal and anxiety.”
On their own, being neurotic or introverted may not cause a major anxiety problem.
For example, people who are highly neurotic, but also outgoing and extraverted, may be protected from anxiety, the authors write:
“Even if an individual is highly neurotic, this same individual with high extraversion would more likely also be sensitive to signals of reward, which may offset or mask feelings of extreme anxiety.”
People who are just introverted, but with a stable personality (non-neurotic), were no more likely to be anxious, the study found:
“…even if an individual is highly introverted, this same individual with low neuroticism and low emotional reactivity would be less likely to react to signals of punishment with negative affect such as anxiety.”
The study was published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Gershuny & Sher, 1998).
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