Category: Mindfulness

In this modern age of multitasking, everyone could do with boosting their attention.

1. Learn something new

Simply learning new information or using existing knowledge in new ways can help boost attentional skills, a new study finds.

It’s just the same way that young children learn to ‘train’ their brains: they learn new things about the world.

Acquiring knowledge and then thinking about how it fits into what we already know helps boost our attention.

2. Eat chocolate

Dark chocolate can improve attention and a new formula may also lower blood pressure, a study shows.

Professor Larry Stevens, who conducted the study, said:

“Chocolate is indeed a stimulant and it activates the brain in a really special way.

It can increase brain characteristics of attention, and it also significantly affects blood pressure levels.”

The study measured the effects of eating 60% cacao chocolate (commonly called dark chocolate) on the brain waves of 122 participants.

They found that chocolate boosted attention and people were more alert for a period — although their blood pressure increased.

3. Meditate

Practising meditation can help improve your focus while reading, a study finds.

For the research, some people were sent on a one-month intensive vipassanā meditation training program.

They then took a reading test which had nonsensical sentences deliberately placed within it.

Compared with a control group, those who had been practising meditation were better able to detect the gibberish, suggesting they were paying more attention.

4. Self-check

Learning to periodically self-check can improve attention and help people focus better on tasks, recent research finds.

The study used brain imaging to predict when people were starting to lose their focus on a boring task they were given.

The researchers found that after just one training session to improve attention, those who had received the feedback performed better than a control group.

5. Count your breaths

A short breathing exercise is enough to refocus the minds of highly distracted people, new research finds.

Heavy media multitaskers benefited most from simply counting their breaths, psychologists found.

The mindfulness task simply involved counting groups of nine breaths: nine inhales and nine exhales.

Participants did this a few times before being given tests of their attention.

Dr Green explained:

“No one can stay focused on it indefinitely.

When you notice your attention slipping away, you bring it back over and over.

You’re practicing that skill, refocusing your attention.”

6. Brightly coloured room

Brightly coloured rooms can boost your concentration, new research finds.

This is because people perform at their best when somewhat stimulated.

Too much and too little stimulation, though, tends to make people’s performance worse.

The study’s results showed that participants’ reading comprehension was higher in the vividly painted red and yellow rooms.

7. A little language learning

Mental agility can be increased by even a relatively small amount of language learning.

After only a week of study, students show improved attention skills — as well as learning a new language.

Language learners were better able to switch their attention and filter out irrelevant details.

Continuing to learn a new language led to sustained improvements 9 months later, the researchers also found.

Need more pointers? Here you go:

• Super-Focus: 10 Natural Steps to Nurture Your Attention

Mind hack image from Shutterstock

Laptops and tablets are changing the way we think about information — maybe for the worse.

If you want to make more intellectual leaps, it may be better to print out information than read it on a laptop or tablet.

Using tablets and laptops reduces the ability to think in abstract ways, a new study finds.

Instead, people using these digital devices tend to concentrate more on the concrete details of their work.

For the research people read a series of texts either on paper or on a laptop/tablet.

They were then asked questions about them afterwards.

Some of these tested their abstract understanding and others tested their concrete understanding.

When reading off paper, people performed roughly 30% better on questions that required a leap of understanding.

However, the results were reversed when the questions simply required concrete answers.

Dr Geoff Kaufman, one of the study’s authors said:

“There has been a great deal of research on how digital platforms might be affecting attention, distractibility and mindfulness, and these studies build on this work, by focusing on a relatively understudied construct.

Given that psychologists have shown that construal levels can vastly impact outcomes such as self-esteem and goal pursuit, it’s crucial to recognize the role that digitization of information might be having on this important aspect of cognition.”

The conclusions come from four studies with over 300 people.

Professor Mary Flanagan, a study co-author, said:

“Compared to the widespread acceptance of digital devices, as evidenced by millions of apps, ubiquitous smartphones, and the distribution of iPads in schools, surprisingly few studies exist about how digital tools affect our understanding — our cognition.

Knowing the affordances of digital technologies can help us design better software.

Sometimes, it is beneficial to foster abstract thinking, and as we know more, we can design to overcome the tendencies — or deficits — inherent in digital devices,”

The study was presented at ACM CHI ’16, the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems on May 10, 2016.

Awe and wonder can help people feel more connected and reframe problems.

Astronauts who see the Earth from space could provide a clue as to how we can all feel more awe and wonder, new research suggests.

The view from so far away from the Earth provokes a special phenomenon called the overview effect.

Dr David Yaden, the study’s first author, said:

“We watch sunsets whenever we travel to beautiful places to get a little taste of this kind of experience.

These astronauts are having something more extreme.

By studying the more-extreme version of a general phenomenon, you can often learn more about it.”

The researchers analysed the reports of many astronauts from all over the world.

Each had documented their own experience of seeing the Earth from space for extended periods.

They frequently described it as a life-changing experience.

They mentioned ideas like connectedness, vastness, perception and unity.

Despite the religious or spiritual overtones, the experience was very secular for the astronauts, Dr Yaden explained:

“Space is so fascinating because it’s a highly scientific, highly secular environment, so it doesn’t have these connotations.

We think of people who do a lot of meditation or climb mountains, people who are awe junkies, having these experiences.

We don’t [often] think of these very strict scientists reporting these blissful moments.”

The astronauts’ experience is so fascinating — and potentially life-changing — that the researchers want to find out how we can all have more of it in our lives.

Mr Johannes Eichstaedt, one of the study’s co-authors, said:

“Behavior is extremely hard to change, so to stumble across something that has such a profound and reproducible effect, that should make psychologists sit up straight and say:

‘What’s going on here?

How can we have more of this?'”

The researchers are planning a follow-up experiment which will give people the opportunity to gaze at the Earth from space in virtual reality.

Perhaps it will be a life-changing experience — just as it is for the astronauts.

The study was published in the journal Psychology of Consciousness (Yaden et al., 2016).

Paying attention to what you are reading can be hard — especially in this age of endless distraction.

Practising meditation can help improve your focus while reading, a new study finds.

Maintaining attention when reading can be difficult, as the study’s authors write:

“It is challenging for individuals to maintain their attention on ongoing cognitive tasks without being distracted by task-unrelated thought.

The wandering mind is thus a considerable obstacle when attention must be maintained over time.

Mental training through meditation has been proposed as an effective method of attenuating the ebb and flow of attention to thoughts and feelings that distract from one’s foremost present goals.”

For the research, some people were sent on a one-month intensive vipassanā meditation training program.

They then took a reading test which had nonsensical sentences deliberately placed within it.

Compared with a control group, those who had been practising meditation were better able to detect the gibberish, suggesting they were paying more attention.

The study’s authors write:

“Meditation practitioners across both studies demonstrated greater levels of error monitoring following training, as measured by their ability to detect gross semantic violations in the text.

This suggests that training group participants were more attentive to the story content and ongoing text, allowing them to better detect these salient text discrepancies.”

The study was published in the journal Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice (Zanesco et al., 2016).

Reading a Novel Boosts Brain Connectivity

Reading image from Shutterstock

The “Crunch Effect” can help you eat less.

Being conscious of the sound your food makes in your mouth could help you eat less, a new study finds.

The researchers found that when people could not hear their own eating noises, they ate more.

A different study in the series found that even thinking about the sounds made while eating was enough to reduce consumption.

Dr Ryan Elder, one of the study’s authors, said:

“When you mask the sound of consumption, like when you watch TV while eating, you take away one of those senses and it may cause you to eat more than you would normally.

The effects many not seem huge–one less pretzel–but over the course of a week, month, or year, it could really add up.”

The study may help explain why mindfulness can help people eat less.

Mindfulness helps concentrate the mind on the sensory experience of eating.

https://www.spring.org.uk/2015/10/people-who-think-like-this-have-less-belly-fat.php

Dr Gina Mohr, the study’s co-author, said:

“For the most part, consumers and researchers have overlooked food sound as an important sensory cue in the eating experience.

Dr Elder agrees:

“Sound is typically labeled as the forgotten food sense.

But if people are more focused on the sound the food makes, it could reduce consumption.”

The study was published in the journal Food Quality and Preference. (Elder & Mohr, 2016).

Chewing image from Shutterstock