Category: Depression

3,961 people from 29 different studies were included in the analysis.

Depression is more than a mental disorder, it affects the body’s ability to detoxify itself.

It should be seen as a systematic disease that affects the whole body, argues a new study in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.

Accepting that depression affects the whole body could help explain why people experiencing depression are more likely to suffer from cancer, cardiovascular disease and to die younger.

All of these problems can be combated, however, by the usual treatments for depression: talk therapy and/or medication.

The conclusions come from examining the results of 29 previous studies.

These looked at how depression affected the bodies of 3,961 people in different ways.

The studies consistently found that depression was linked to oxidative stress in the body.

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in the body which hurts its ability to get rid of toxic substances.

The researchers found that after normal treatment, the body recovers relatively quickly.

After successful treatment, the bodies of people who were formerly depressed are virtual indistinguishable from healthy people in terms of oxidative stress.

The study was published in The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (Jiménez-Fernández et al., 2015).

Depression image from Shutterstock

In the US, women are twice as likely to have been diagnosed with depression at some point.

Women’s high rate of depression could be partly related to lower wages, a new study concludes.

In the US, women are twice as likely to have been diagnosed with major depression at some point.

However, the research found that for women who were paid the same as their colleagues, there was no difference in depression diagnoses between men and women.

For women who were paid less, though, their risk of suffering from major depression was 2.5 times higher.

Mr Jonathan Platt, the study’s first author, said:

“Our results show that some of the gender disparities in depression and anxiety may be due to the effects of structural gender inequality in the workforce and beyond.

The social processes that sort women into certain jobs, compensate them less than equivalent male counterparts, and create gender disparities in domestic labor have material and psychosocial consequences.”

One explanation for the effect of wages on depression could be that women internalise a message of inferiority, said Mr Platt:

“If women internalize these negative experiences as reflective of inferior merit, rather than the result of discrimination, they may be at increased risk for depression and anxiety disorders.”

The results come from a US survey of 22,581 adults aged 30-65.

Women were matched with men based on their education and years of experience.

Dr Katherine Keyes, one of the study’s authors, said:

“Our findings suggest that policies must go beyond prohibiting overt gender discrimination like sexual harassment.

Further, while it is commonly believed that gender differences in depression and anxiety are biologically rooted, these results suggest that such differences are much more socially constructed that previously thought, indicating that gender disparities in psychiatric disorders are malleable and arise from unfair treatment.”

Dr Keyes continued:

“Structural forms of discrimination may explain a substantial proportion of gender disparities in mood and anxiety disorders in the U.S. adult population.

Greater attention to the fundamental mechanisms that perpetuate wage disparities is needed, not only because it is unjust, but so that we may understand and be able to intervene to reduce subsequent health risks and disparities.”

The study was published in the journal Social Science & Medicine (Platt et al., 2016).

Depressed woman image from Shutterstock

A very pleasurable way to reduce depression risk.

Wine drunk in moderation can reduce the risk of developing depression, research finds.

Moderate alcohol intake can have a similar protective effect on depression as that found for heart disease.

Professor Miguel A. Martínez-González, one of the study’s authors, said:

“Lower amounts of alcohol intake might exert protection in a similar way to what has been observed for coronary heart disease.

In fact, it is believed that depression and coronary heart disease share some common disease mechanisms.”

To reach these conclusions researchers followed over 5,500 people for between 5 and 7 years.

At the start of the study none had suffered from depression and did not have alcohol-related problems.

People naturally drank varying amounts and different drinks, but the most commonly consumed beverage was wine.

The results showed that the lowest rates of depression were seen in those who were light to moderate drinkers.

Light to moderate drinkers had between two and seven small glasses of wine per week.

The researchers adjusted for other factors that could have been important, such as social factors, diet and smoking.

Scientists think some of the protective effects are provided by resveratrol and other phenolic compounds in the wine.

The study was published in the journal BMC Medicine (Geo et al., 2013).

One-third of people experiencing major depression could be of this new type.

Inflammation in the brain could explain episodes of major depression in some people, new studies suggest.

Around one-third of people experiencing major depression have high-levels of inflammation markers in their blood.

This persistent inflammation could explain some of the worst symptoms of depression.

The inability to feel pleasure — called anhedonia — is a particularly stubborn symptom.

Depressed people often find it hard to experience pleasure from everyday activities like eating or spending time with friends and family.

Dr Jennifer Felger, author of a new study on the link between inflammation and depression, said:

“Some patients taking antidepressants continue to suffer from anhedonia.

Our data suggest that by blocking inflammation or its effects on the brain, we may be able to reverse anhedonia and help depressed individuals who fail to respond to antidepressants.”

Dr Felger and colleagues scanned the brains of depressed people as part of their research.

They found that those with high levels of inflammation also had critical communication problems in the brain.

It turned out that regions central to motivation and reward showed lower levels of communication.

Dr Felger said:

“We were interested in these regions of the brain because of their known importance for response to reward.

In addition, we had seen reduced activation of these areas in people receiving immuno-stimulatory treatments for hepatitis C virus or cancer, which suggested that they may be sensitive to inflammation.”

Scientists are now considering ways to fight the inflammation so as to help treat the depression.

One option is L-DOPA, which may increase reward connectivity in the brain.

Another option is an anti-inflammatory antibody called infliximab.

This has been found in a recent study to help some depressed people with high levels of inflammation.

Dr Felger said:

“We hope our investigations may lead to new therapies to treat anhedonia in high-inflammation depression.”

The study was published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry (Felger et al., 2015).

Depression image from Shutterstock

…and if you weren’t mom’s favourite, there’s is an unexpected upside.

Being mom’s favourite child has an unexpected disadvantage: they are more likely to be depressed.

Professor Jill Suitor, the study’s first author, explained:

“There is a cost for those who perceive they are the closest emotionally to their mothers, and these children report higher depressive symptoms, as do those who experience the greatest conflict with their mothers or who believe they are the children in whom their mothers are the most disappointed.”

The results come from a study of 725 adult children in 309 families.

They were surveyed across seven years when the mothers were between 65 and 75.

The results showed that the sibling who was felt closest to their mother also had the highest depressive symptoms.

Dr Megan Gilligan, who co-authored the study, said:

“This cost comes from higher sibling tension experienced by adult children who are favored for emotional closeness, or the greater feelings of responsibility for the emotional care of their older mothers.”

Less surprisingly, siblings who felt their mother was most disappointed in them were also more likely to be depressed.

This finding was particularly strong in black families, said Professor Suitor:

“What we found suggests that the black offspring were particularly distressed when they, as opposed to their siblings, were the children in whom mothers were most disappointed.”

The study was published in the Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences (Suitor et al., 2015).

Siblings image from Shutterstock

Even people who only followed this tip a little had 50% better mental health.

Compared with inactivity, even ‘mild’ levels of physical activity are linked to 50% better mental health, a new study finds.

The more exercise people performed, the more protected they were against mental disorders, the research also found.

The conclusions come from a Spanish study of 1,422 people living in Madrid.

They were asked about how much exercise they did and their general state of health, both mental and physical.

The results showed that people who did low or high levels of physical exercise both had better mental health than those who were relatively inactive.

Both low and high levels of exercise were also linked to more than 50% reductions in the risk of suffering mental illness compared with the inactive.

The study was published in the journal Revista de Psycologia del Deporte (Romo et al., 2015).

Personality image from Shutterstock

Drug combination encourage autophagy of brain cancer cells — they eat themselves.

Antidepressants in combination with blood thinners have been found to fight brain cancer.

The study on mice found the treatment doubled their lifespan.

Both drugs encourage the cancer cells to eat themselves (called autophagy).

Professor Douglas Hanahan, one of the study’s author, said:

“It is exciting to envision that combining two relatively inexpensive and non-toxic classes of generic drugs holds promise to make a difference in the treatment of patients with lethal brain cancer.

However, it is presently unclear whether patients might benefit from this treatment.

This new mechanism-based strategy to therapeutically target glioblastoma is provocative, but at an early stage of evaluation, and will require considerable follow-up to assess its potential.”

The studies on mice will hopefully lead to trials in human patients, Professor Hanahan said:

“Importantly, the combination therapy did not cure the mice; rather, it delayed disease progression and modestly extended their lifespan.

It seems likely that these drugs will need to be combined with other classes of anticancer drugs to have benefit in treating gliblastoma patients.

One can also envision ‘co-clinical trials’ wherein experimental therapeutic trials in the mouse models of glioblastom are linked to analogous small proof-of-concept trials in GBM patients. Such trials may not be far off.”

The research was published in the journal Cancer Cell (Shchors et al., 2015).

Brain illustration image from Shutterstock

Huge study concludes that a food can reduce depression risk in men and women.

Eating fish reduces the risk of depression by 17%, a new study concludes.

A fishy diet may aid the mental health of both men and women.

While some recent studies have been inconclusive, this research pooled data from 26 different studies.

Altogether they included 150,278 people.

The study’s authors conclude:

“Higher fish consumption may be beneficial in the primary prevention of depression.

Future studies are needed to further investigate whether this association varies according to the type of fish.”

The researchers, however, did not see the link in studies conducted outside Europe.

Recent research has also found that a high intake of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains is linked to lower risk of developing depression.

The research was published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (Li et al., 2015).

Nutrients image from Shutterstock