Relationships were labelled ‘difficult’ when the other person demanded support, but did not reciprocate.
How parents turn their children into relationship cheats.
Up to 5 percent of people in the U.S. report they are currently in a consensual non-monogamous relationships.
Up to 5 percent of people in the U.S. report they are currently in a consensual non-monogamous relationships.
One-third of men are open to having more than one wife or long-term girlfriend, research finds.
Considerably fewer (9 percent), though, were open to the idea that they would share their partner with someone else.
The corresponding figures were much lower for women:
The conclusions come from a survey of almost 400 people in the UK.
Participants were asked how they felt about both polyandry and polygyny, two different types of polygamy:
Dr Andrew Thomas, the study’s first author, explained the results:
“Comparing polygyny and polyandry directly, men were three-and-a-half times more likely to say ‘yes’ to the former than the latter, while women were twice as likely to say ‘yes’ to having more than one partner, compared to the idea of sharing their partner with someone else.”
While most Western countries stigmatise and discriminate against polygyny and polyandry, they are practiced by some cultures in the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
Dr Thomas said:
“Committed non-monogamy has received a lot of attention recently.
It’s a hot trend, with more and more couples talking about opening up their relationships to include other people.
However, these types of relationships are far from new.
While most seek monogamous relationships, a small proportion of humans have engaged in multi-partner relationships throughout human history, especially polygynous marriage where one husband is shared by several co-wives.
This study shows that a sizable minority of people are open to such relationships, even in the UK where such marriages are prohibited.
Interestingly, many more men are open to the idea than women—though there is still interest on both sides.”
Despite the stigma, up to 5 percent of people in the U.S. report they are in consensual non-monogamous relationships.
Some research has suggested that those in consensual non-monogamous relationships are just as happy as those in monogamous relationships (Wood, 2018).
Dr Jessica Wood, author of that previous study said:
“[Non-monogamous relationships] are perceived as immoral and less satisfying.
It’s assumed that people in these types of relationships are having sex with everyone all the time.
They are villainized and viewed as bad people in bad relationships, but that’s not the case.”
Another study has found that levels of satisfaction and trust are similar in both monogamous and non-monogamous relationships (Conley et al., 2017).
Indeed, levels of jealousy were higher in monogamous relationships, while trust was higher in non-monogamous relationships.
For some people, then, having a second sexual partner is not necessarily a sign of dissatisfaction with the first, but perhaps an acknowledgement that it is hard to get everything one needs from one person.
The study was published in the journal Archives of Sexual Behavior (Thomas et al., 2023).
The more often warning signs like these are observed, the more likely violence becomes.
How to think about love so that it lasts longer.
These personality traits are linked to a genetic variation that can be detected from a saliva sample.
These personality traits are linked to a genetic variation that can be detected from a saliva sample.
People who are emotionally stable, empathetic and sociable have the happiest marriages, research finds.
Low levels of anxious attachment are also important to relationship satisfaction.
In contrast, people high in anxious attachment are ‘needy’ and worry that their partners do not care for them.
High levels of attachment anxiety are also linked to a fear of abandonment.
So, low levels of anxious attachment are preferable in a partner.
All these personality traits are linked to a genetic variation that can be detected from a saliva sample, new research has found.
The genetic variation affects a neurotransmitter called oxytocin.
Oxytocin — sometimes known as the ‘love hormone’ — is important in social bonding.
Researchers found that when one partner in a marriage had this genetic variation linked to oxytocin, both reported greater marital satisfaction and feelings of security.
The conclusions come from a study of 178 married couples aged 37 to 90.
All were asked about their marital satisfaction and had their genotype analysed from a saliva sample.
The results revealed that those with a genetic variation known as the ‘GG genotype’ had higher marital satisfaction.
Dr Joan Monin, the study’s first author, said:
“This study shows that how we feel in our close relationships is influenced by more than just our shared experiences with our partners over time.
In marriage, people are also influenced by their own and their partner’s genetic predispositions.”
The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE (Monin et al., 2019).
While breakups are painful, most people recover and even gain some strength from them.
While breakups are painful, most people recover and even gain some strength from them.
Self-esteem takes around one year to recover from a relationship breakup, psychological research finds.
It did not matter if people remained single or not in this period, it still took the same amount of time for self-esteem to recover.
However, while breakups are painful, most people recover and even gain some strength from them, the study’s authors write:
“Even though relationship break-ups are painful, people tend to recover from them and move on.
Especially in adolescence and young adulthood, when individuals are dating, have their first romantic relationship, try different types of relationships, and search the right partner to spend their life with, relationship breakups are not unusual and, thus, normative.
…individuals tend to report positive changes after experiencing relationship break-up, such as gaining inner strength and maturity, and report having learned important lessons that will be useful in future relationships.”
The conclusions come from over 9,000 German adults who were followed for three years.
The results showed that breakups of relationships that had lasted a year or more are particularly damaging to self-esteem.
Subsequently starting a new relationship increased self-esteem, as long as the new relationship lasts.
However, shorter relationships — those lasting less than a year — tended to reduce people’s self-esteem.
Recovery from a breakup took around one year, the authors write:
“…the decrease in self-esteem after a relationship break-up is only temporary and that the person’s self-esteem is recovered already one year later.
Thus, although research on many psychological phenomena suggests that “bad is stronger than good” —that is, the effects of negative events, negative interactions, and negative emotions are often stronger than the effects of positive events, positive interactions, and positive emotions—in the present research the effect of beginning a relationship (i.e., a positive transition) was more sustained than the effect of relationship break-up (i.e., a negative transition).”
The study was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Luciano & Orth, 2017).
This sign triples the chance of a cheating partner.
This sign triples the chance of a cheating partner.
People who have cheated in the past are three times more likely to be unfaithful in their next relationship, research reveals.
Many people keep repeating the same patterns in relationships.
Fully 44 percent of people in the study reported cheating on their partner during their current relationship.
Almost one-third said that they knew their partner had cheated on them in the past.
Both men and women were equally likely to report cheating and being cheated on.
Those who have been cheated on are particularly alert for the signs, being four times more likely to suspect their current partner.
The study’s authors write:
“Our results indicated a threefold increase in the likelihood that a person will engage in infidelity if they already have a history of engaging in extra-dyadic sexual involvement [infidelity], and a two-to fourfold increase in the likelihood of having an partner engage in infidelity if a person knew about or suspected infidelity from a past relationship partner.
These findings suggests that previous engagement in infidelity is an important risk factor predicting engagement in infidelity in a subsequent relationship.”
The results come from a survey of 484 people who were asked about their relationship history going back five years.
They were asked whether they had cheated in their current or on a previous partner, as well as the same information about their partner.
Although 44% reported cheating in their current relationship, people in the study were unmarried and the rates are lower among married people.
One fascinating nuance was that the people who had cheated were no more likely to be suspicious of their current partner than those who hadn’t.
The authors write:
“Prior infidelity emerged as an important risk factor for infidelity in next relationships.
Individuals with previous partners who have engaged in infidelity may be at increased risk for partnering with individuals in later relationships who also engage in infidelity because these individuals may be more likely to contribute to relationship contexts associated with higher risk of infidelity.”
It is not true that cheaters always cheat, though, they write:
“…although a history of infidelity may be an important risk factor of which to be aware, it is not necessarily true that someone who is “once a cheater” is “always a cheater.”
Understanding what distinguishes those who experience repeated infidelity from those who do not remains an important next step…”
The study was published in the journal Archives of Sexual Behavior (Knopp et al., 2017).
People prefer a certain personality type in a romantic partner, study demonstrates.
People prefer a certain personality type in a romantic partner, study demonstrates.
People with similar personalities are the most compatible, research finds.
Extraverts get on with other extraverts, conscientious people are happy with other conscientious people, the agreeable love other agreeable people — and so on.
There was no evidence in this study that opposites attract.
Romantic partners also get on better — at least initially — when they have similar attitudes.
For a happy marriage, though, it is a similar personality that works best.
Similar attitudes, which are easier to gauge than personality, may help people with similar personalities find each other.
The study’s authors write:
“People may be attracted to those who have similar attitudes, values, and beliefs and even marry them – at least in part – on the basis of this similarity because attitudes are highly visible and salient characteristics and they are fundamental to the way people lead their lives.”
The conclusions come from a study of 291 newlyweds who were asked about their personality, attitudes and marital satisfaction.
The results showed that the couples who had similar personalities were happier together.
Attitudes — whether similar or not — made no different to marital satisfaction.
The authors write:
“…once people are in a committed relationship, it is primarily personality similarity that influences marital happiness because being in a committed relationship entails regular interaction and requires extensive coordination in dealing with tasks, issues and problems of daily living.
Whereas personality similarity is likely to facilitate this process, personality differences may result in more friction and conflict in daily life.
As far as attitudes are concerned, people who chose to marry each other should be well aware of how similar or different they are on these domains because attitudes are very visible and salient.
This suggests that attitudinal and value differences, when they exist, are part of a conscious decision to stay together on the basis of other important considerations.”
The study was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Luo & Klohnen, 2005).
The positive pattern was seen whether or not couples were satisfied with their relationship.
The positive pattern was seen whether or not couples were satisfied with their relationship.
Humour and acceptance replace bickering in happy long-term relationships, research finds.
While heated disagreements can plague the early years of marriage, these often turn to tenderness with age.
The positive pattern was seen whether or not couples were satisfied with their relationship.
The findings make a nonsense of the idea that positive emotions die away with age, as some psychologists claim.
In fact, people focus more on positive emotions and experiences as they age.
Professor Robert Levenson, who leads the ongoing research, said:
“Our findings shed light on one of the great paradoxes of late life.
Despite experiencing the loss of friends and family, older people in stable marriages are relatively happy and experience low rates of depression and anxiety.
Marriage has been good for their mental health.”
The study involved 87 couples who had been married for between 15 and 35 years.
Their emotional interactions were tracked for 13 years.
The results revealed that humour and affection increased over the years.
At the same time, criticism and defensiveness decreased.
Dr Alice Verstaen, study co-author, said:
“Given the links between positive emotion and health, these findings underscore the importance of intimate relationships as people age, and the potential health benefits associated with marriage.”
Women tended to become less emotionally expressive with age and also to dominate their husbands more.
Professor Levenson concluded:
“These results provide behavioral evidence that is consistent with research suggesting that, as we age, we become more focused on the positives in our lives.”
The results are the latest to emerge from the 25-year UC Berkeley study that has followed 150 long-term marriages from 1989.
The study was published in the journal Emotion (Verstaen et al., 2018).
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